| Alkaline etchants | KOH, TMAH |
| Acidic etchants | HF, BOE, HCl, HNO₃, etc. |
| Ion Beam Etching (IBE) | For metals and other materials that are difficult to etch |
| Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) | Etching uniformity <±5%; selectivity >50:1 |
| Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) | For etching Si, SiO₂, SiNₓ and related materials |
| Focused Ion Beam Etching (FIB) | Enables micro/nano processing such as etching, deposition and doping on materials and devices |
| Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Etching | For etching GaN, GaAs, InP and other materials |